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Mesoporous zeolites as efficient catalysts for oil refining and natural gas conversion

Jie ZHU, Xiangju MENG, Fengshou XIAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 233-248 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1329-2

摘要： Zeolites have been regarded as one of the most important catalysts in petrochemical industry due to their excellent catalytic performance. However, the sole micropores in zeolites severely limit their applications in oil refining and natural gas conversion. To solve the problem, mesoporous zeolites have been prepared by introducing mesopores into the zeolite crystals in recent years, and thus have the advantages of both mesostructured materials (fast diffusion and accessible for bulky molecules) and microporous zeolite crystals (strong acidity and high hydrothermal stability). In this review, after giving a brief introduction to preparation, structure, and characterization of mesoporous zeolites, we systematically summarize catalytic applications of these mesoporous zeolites as efficient catalysts in oil refining and natural gas conversion including catalytic cracking of heavy oil, alkylation, isomerization, hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, methane dehydroaromatization, methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether, methanol to olefins, and methanol to hydrocarbons.

关键词： mesoporous zeolite catalysis oil refining natural gas conversion

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Removal of multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from an oil refining wastewater treatment plant by a compost-based

Dan WU, Chunyan ZHANG, Li HAO, Changjun GENG, Xie QUAN,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 483-491 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0144-y

摘要： Waste gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants are often characterized by the presence of multicomponent and various concentrations of compounds. An evaluation of the performance and feasibility of removing multicomponent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants was conducted in a pilot-scale compost-based biofilter system. This system consists of two identical biofilters packed with compost and polyethylene (PE). This paper investigates the effects of various concentrations of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and empty bed residence time (EBRT) on the removal efficiency of NMHC. Based on the experimental results and practical applications, an EBRT of 66 s was applied to the biofilter system. The removal efficiencies of NMHC were within the range of 47%―100%. At an EBRT of 66 s, the average removal efficiency of benzene, toluene, and xylene were more than 99%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The results demonstrated that multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from the oil refining wastewater treatment plant could be successfully removed in the biofilter system, which may provide useful information concerning the design criteria and operation of full-scale biofilters.

关键词： biodegradation volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biofiltration biofilter

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迈向21世纪的炼油技术

侯芙生

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第3期页码 22-30

摘要：

21世纪石油仍将是主要能源，炼油技术将进一步发展。降低汽车排放污染的清洁汽油生产技术，低硫低芳清洁柴油生产技术，加氢法润滑油基础油生产技术，加氢裂化和催化裂化重质油转化技术，渣油加工和能量综合利用技术，炼油厂现代化信息技术和过程控制技术等，将成为迈向21世纪有发展前途的炼油技术。

关键词：炼油技术清洁燃料重油转化渣油加工过程控制

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我国与“一带一路”沿线国家炼化产业合作研究

曹湘洪,袁晴棠,邹劲松

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第4期页码 27-32 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.04.008

摘要：

本文从“一带一路”沿线国家的市场需求切入，在立足于我国炼化产业供应能力的基础上，研究了双方合作前景，提出了我国与“一带一路”沿线国家在资源、市场等方面的合作机遇。综合分析了资源、市场、支持政策和投资环境，采用层次分析法，分别遴选出了我国与“一带一路”沿线国家进行炼化投资、技术贸易、工程服务及装备出口的重点合作对象及重点任务；提出了全产业链协同推进、加大宣传推介、标准接轨、财政税收支持以及风险控制等政策建议。

关键词： “一带一路” 炼油产业石油化工产业合作

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建设安全可靠、清洁环保型炼化企业

张树才,张晓华,贾萍,王倩,曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 111-116 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.014

摘要：

针对城镇人口密集区等敏感地区炼油与化工企业搬迁改造的问题，在调研国外炼油与化工行业安全环保管理的先进经验的基础上，定义了安全可靠、清洁环保炼油与化工企业的内涵、指标体系和评估方法，提出构建安全可靠、清洁环保型炼油化工企业是解决问题的根本方法。以此为指导，开展了两家不同规模的炼油与化工企业案例研究，证明了本方法的可行性。建议有关部门强制采用科学方法计算外部安全距离和环境防护距离，并长期遵守，避免形成城围石化的现象；对敏感地区炼油与化工企业是异地搬迁还是按照安全可靠、清洁环保的指标要求就地改造，要通过认真的方案研究后科学决策。

关键词：安全可靠清洁环保炼油化工外部距离

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推进炼油与汽车行业协同发展战略研究

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 61-69 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.005

摘要：

电动车、燃料电池车等新能源汽车快速发展开启了汽车动力革命的大幕。内燃机汽车制造行业和油品生产行业通过满足最新排放限值要求、提升油品质量、推进内燃机技术不断进步等积极应对汽车动力革命。新能源汽车优势与劣势并存，短期内不具备全面替代内燃机汽车的条件。采用高效内燃机的油电混合动力汽车可大幅度降低污染物排放和碳排放，是符合我国国情的动力汽车。面向2050 年，内燃机汽车、油电混合动力汽车、燃料电池车、纯电动车等将发挥各自的技术优势，多元共存，但内燃机动力车会占据主体地位，汽车动力对液体燃料的依赖度还将会超过60%。炼油、汽车行业要推进协同发展，从分子层面研究内燃机中燃料的燃烧机理，研究车用燃料组成、馏程与颗粒物排放的关系并开发简化模型、开发并推广高品质燃料及高档润滑油，以适应汽车动力多元化时代新的低碳减排要求。

关键词：汽车动力革命内燃机技术油品质量协同发展

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炼油和石化行业的智能制造

袁志宏, 覃伟中, 赵劲松

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 179-182 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.02.012

摘要：

智能制造将把炼油及石化行业转化成为一个相互关联的、信息驱动的行业链。通过应用实时和高位值支持系统，智能制造能够实现协调运作、绩效导向的制造企业，该企业可迅速回应客户需求，并且将能源和材料的消耗最小化。同时，智能制造还能从根本上改善企业的可持续发展能力、生产力、创新力和经济竞争力。本文展示了石化行业内称为“智能制造”的几个应用案例，如由大数据驱动的催化裂化装置故障检测、对炼油厂现场的规划和调度进行优化等。智能制造在化工和石化领域进一步发展中的关键科技因素和挑战已经明确。

关键词：智能制造石油化工数据/ 信息驱动环境

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LSSVM-based approach for refining soil failure criteria and calculating safety factor of slopes

Shiguo XIAO; Shaohong LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 871-881 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0863-8

摘要： The failure criteria of practical soil mass are very complex, and have significant influence on the safety factor of slope stability. The Coulomb strength criterion and the power-law failure criterion are classically simplified. Each one has limited applicability owing to the noticeable difference between calculated predictions and actual results in some cases. In the work reported here, an analysis method based on the least square support vector machine (LSSVM), a machine learning model, is purposefully provided to establish a complex nonlinear failure criterion via iteration computation based on strength test data of the soil, which is of more extensive applicability to many problems of slope stability. In particular, three evaluation indexes including coefficient of determination, mean absolute percentage error, and mean square error indicate that fitting precision of the machine learning-based failure criterion is better than those of the linear Coulomb criterion and nonlinear power-law criterion. Based on the proposed LSSVM approach to determine the failure criterion, the limit equilibrium method can be used to calculate the safety factor of three-dimensional slope stability. Analysis of results of the safety factor of two three-dimensional homogeneous slopes shows that the maximum relative errors between the proposed approach and the linear failure criterion-based method and the power-law failure criterion-based method are about 12% and 7%, respectively.

关键词： slope stability safety factor failure criterion least square support vector machine

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提高科技创新实力实现我国炼油工业的持续发展

侯芙生

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第3期页码 6-14

摘要：

指出21世纪我国炼油工业要持续发展，国际竞争能力要大力提高，涉及到的原油资源战略、现代化企业管理、行业体制和机制、企业结构调整、人才机制以及科技创新等多方面问题。并就产品质量、深度加工、油化一体化、信息技术和运输燃料替代技术，以及如何提高科技创新力度、加强科技开发等技术发展战略，提出了一些对策和建议。

关键词：炼油工业科技创新持续发展

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Combining innovative science and policy to improve air quality in cities with refining and chemicals

David T. Allen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 293-304 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1660-0

摘要： In Houston, a combination of urban emissions from a city of 4 million people, coupled with emissions from extensive petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing, leads to conditions for photochemistry that are unique in the United States, and historically, the city had experienced some of the highest ozone concentrations recorded in the United States. Large air quality field studies (the Texas Air Quality Studies or TexAQS I and II) were conducted to determine root causes of the high ozone concentrations. Hundreds of air quality investigators, from around the world, deployed instruments on aircraft, on ships, and at fixed ground sites to make extensive air quality measurements; detailed photochemical modeling was used to interpret and assess the implications of the measurements. The Texas Air Quality Studies revealed that both continuous and episodic emissions of light alkenes, which came to be called highly reactive volatile organic compounds, played a critical role in the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants in the region. Understanding and quantifying the role of these emissions in regional air quality required innovations in characterizing emissions and in photochemical modeling. Reducing emissions required innovative policy approaches. These coupled scientific and policy innovations are described, and the result, substantially cleaner air for Houston, is documented. The lessons learned from the Houston air quality experience are relevant to cities with similar population and industrial profiles around the world.

关键词： ozone air quality highly reactive volatile organic compounds Houston

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Optimization and simultaneous heat integration design of a coal-based ethylene glycol refining process

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1280-1288 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2301-4

摘要： Coal to ethylene glycol still lacks algorithm optimization achievements for distillation sequencing due to high-dimension and strong nonconvexity characteristics, although there are numerous reports on horizontal comparisons and process revamping. This scenario triggers the navigation in this paper into the simultaneous optimization of parameters and heat integration of the coal to ethylene glycol distillation scheme and double-effect superstructure by the self-adapting dynamic differential evolution algorithm. To mitigate the influence of the strong nonconvexity, a redistribution strategy is adopted that forcibly expands the population search domain by exerting external influence and then shrinks it again to judge the global optimal solution. After two redistributive operations under the parallel framework, the total annual cost and CO₂ emissions are 0.61%/1.85% better for the optimized process and 3.74%/14.84% better for the superstructure than the sequential optimization. However, the thermodynamic efficiency of sequential optimization is 11.63% and 10.34% higher than that of simultaneous optimization. This study discloses the unexpected great energy-saving potential for the coal to ethylene glycol process that has long been unknown, as well as the strong ability of the self-adapting dynamic differential evolution algorithm to optimize processes described by the high-dimensional mathematical model.

关键词： ethylene glycol redistribution heat integration optimization parallel framework

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跨入新世纪对我国炼油工业发展的思考

吕家欢,王欣红

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第4期页码 8-11

摘要：

我国炼油工业经过50年的发展已具备一定基础，1999年底原油加工能力已达250Mt，居世界第四位。跨世纪进一步发展，首先要解决好国内外两种原油资源的统筹利用，特别是进口原油所涉及的加工、储备、运输及资源安全等一系列问题。同时要从降低原油成本、提高开工负荷率、降低能耗物耗、延长开工周期、降低加工费用、提高产品质量、满足环保要求等方面全面提高与进口石油产品的竞争能力，应对加入WTO的挑战。

关键词：新世纪炼油工业发展

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The Major Root Causes of Smog in China and Technologies and Solutions to Reduce It

Ke Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 343-348 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016053

摘要： This paper discusses the two major root causes of smog in China. The first one is the distributed coal combustion in many small and medium sized boilers which have no emission control systems installed. To resolve this problem, there are several ways, such as increasing the centralized coal combustion for heat and power cogeneration; or converting coal to SNG in areas where there is enough water resource and removing the pollutants of the coal in the centralized coal to SNG plant, or refining the coal and making it cleaner first before combustion. The second major cause of smog is the low quality diesel and outdated diesel engines used in China. To solve this problem, there are some ways, such as improving the diesel quality to meet the national V standard, and meanwhile, enhancing the law enforcement to eliminate these outdated diesel engines that do not meet the national emission standards; in addition, combusting cleaner and cheaper fuel such as methanol or DME in the diesel engines is also an option for certain areas where there are abundant alternative fuels such as methanol to replace diesel.

关键词： smog emissions coal refining coal utilization solutions

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Biodegradable, superhydrophobic walnut wood membrane for the separation of oil/water mixtures

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 1377-1386 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2157-z

摘要： The preparation of environmentally friendly oil/water separation materials remains a great challenge. Freeze-drying of wood after lignin removal yields wood aerogels, which can be used as substrates to prepare fluorine-free environmentally friendly superhydrophobic materials, However, they are more suitable for absorption rather than filtration applications due to their poor strength. A study using cross-sections of pristine wood chips as substrates retains the original strength of wood, but the use of the cross-sectional of wood pieces limits their thickness, strength, and size. In this paper, a degradable fluorine-free superhydrophobic film (max. water contact angle of approximately 164.2°) with self-cleaning and abrasion resistance characteristics was prepared by a one-step method using pristine and activated walnut longitudinal section films as the substrate, with tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor and dodecyltriethoxysilane as a modifier. The tensile strength results show that superhydrophobic films with pristine or activated wood substrates maintained the strength of pristine wood and were 2.2 times stronger than the wood aerogel substrate. In addition, after cross-laminating the two samples, the films had the ability to separate oil and water by continuous filtration with high efficiency (98.5%) and flux (approximately 1.3 × 10³ L∙m^‒2∙h^‒1). The method has potential for the large-scale fabrication of degradable superhydrophobic filtration separation membranes.

关键词： wood nanotechnology superhydrophobic biodegradable surface modification oil/water separation